Domin samar da karfe workpieces da ake bukata inji, jiki, da sinadaran Properties, ban da m selection na kayan da daban-daban kafa matakai, zafi magani matakai ne sau da yawa da muhimmanci. Karfe shine kayan da aka fi amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar injina, tare da hadadden microstructure wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi ta hanyar maganin zafi. Sabili da haka, maganin zafi na karfe shine babban abun ciki na maganin zafi na karfe.
Bugu da ƙari, aluminum, jan karfe, magnesium, titanium da kayan haɗin su na iya canza kayan aikin injiniya, jiki da sinadarai ta hanyar maganin zafi don samun halaye daban-daban.
Maganin zafi gabaɗaya baya canza siffa da tsarin sinadarai gabaɗaya na workpiece, amma yana ba da ko haɓaka aikin sa ta hanyar canza microstructure a cikin kayan aikin ko canza abubuwan sinadaran akan saman kayan aikin. Siffar sa ita ce haɓaka ingantaccen ingancin aikin aikin, wanda gabaɗaya ba a iya gani da ido tsirara.
Ayyukan maganin zafi shine haɓaka kayan aikin injiniya na kayan, kawar da saura damuwa, da haɓaka aikin ƙarfe. Bisa ga dalilai daban-daban na maganin zafi, ana iya raba hanyoyin maganin zafi zuwa kashi biyu: maganin zafi na farko da maganin zafi na ƙarshe.
1.Manufar maganin zafi na farko shine don inganta aikin sarrafawa, kawar da damuwa na ciki, da kuma shirya kyakkyawan tsarin metallographic don maganin zafi na ƙarshe. Tsarin maganin zafi ya haɗa da annealing, normalizing, tsufa, quenching da tempering, da dai sauransu.
l Ana amfani da annealing da daidaitawa don ɓangarorin da aka yi aikin thermal. Carbon karfe da gami da abun ciki na carbon fiye da 0.5% sau da yawa annealed don rage taurinsu da sauƙaƙe yanka; Carbon karfe da gami da abun ciki na carbon kasa da 0.5% ana bi da su tare da al'ada don guje wa manne kayan aiki yayin yanke saboda ƙarancin taurinsu. Annealing da daidaitawa na iya tace girman hatsi da cimma daidaitattun microstructure, shirya don maganin zafi na gaba. Sau da yawa ana shirya gyaran gyare-gyare da daidaitawa bayan m machining da kuma kafin m machining.
l Ana amfani da maganin lokaci da yawa don kawar da damuwa na ciki da aka haifar a cikin masana'anta da sarrafa injina. Don guje wa wuce gona da iri na aikin sufuri, ga sassan da ke da madaidaicin gabaɗaya, ana iya shirya jiyya na lokaci kafin ingantacciyar mashin ɗin. Koyaya, don ɓangarorin da ke da madaidaicin buƙatun (kamar casing na injunan haɗaɗɗen gajiyawa), yakamata a tsara hanyoyin magance tsufa biyu ko fiye. Sauƙaƙan sassa gabaɗaya baya buƙatar maganin tsufa. Baya ga simintin gyare-gyare, don wasu madaidaicin sassa tare da rashin ƙarfi (kamar sukurori), yawancin jiyya na tsufa galibi ana shirya su tsakanin mashin ɗin ƙira da na'ura na daidaitaccen mashin don kawar da damuwa na ciki da aka haifar yayin sarrafawa da daidaita daidaiton injinan sassan. Wasu sassan shaft suna buƙatar magani na lokaci bayan tsarin daidaitawa.
l Quenching da tempering yana nufin maganin zafin jiki mai zafi bayan quenching, wanda zai iya samun tsari mai kyau da kuma kyakkyawan tsari na martensite, yana shirya don rage nakasawa a lokacin da ake kashewa da kuma nitriding magani a nan gaba. Saboda haka, quenching da tempering kuma za a iya amfani da a matsayin shiri zafi magani. Saboda ingantattun kaddarorin inji na ɓarke da sassa masu zafi, wasu sassa tare da ƙarancin buƙatu don tauri da juriya kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman aikin jiyya na zafi na ƙarshe.
2.Manufar maganin zafi na ƙarshe shine inganta kayan aikin injiniya kamar taurin, juriya, da ƙarfi.
l Quenching ya haɗa da quenching surface da girma quenching. Ana amfani da quenching na saman ƙasa saboda ƙananan nakasawa, oxidation, da decarburization, kuma yana da fa'idodi na babban ƙarfin waje da juriya mai kyau, yayin da yake riƙe da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da juriya mai ƙarfi a ciki. Don inganta kayan aikin injiniya na sassan da aka kashe, sau da yawa ya zama dole don yin maganin zafi kamar quenching da tempering ko daidaitawa azaman maganin zafi na farko. Hanyar gaba ɗaya ita ce: yankan - ƙirƙira - daidaitawa (annealing) - m machining - quenching da tempering - Semi daidaici machining - surface quenching - ainihin machining.
l Carburizing quenching ya dace da ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon da ƙananan ƙarfe. Da fari dai, abubuwan da ke cikin carbon ɗin na ɓangaren ɓangaren yana ƙaruwa, kuma bayan quenching, saman saman yana samun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, yayin da ainihin har yanzu yana riƙe da wani ƙarfi, babban ƙarfi, da filastik. Carbonization za a iya raba zuwa gaba ɗaya carburizing da na gida carburizing. Lokacin da wani ɓangare na carburizing, ya kamata a dauki matakan hana ganimar (kwalwar jan ƙarfe ko plating anti-sepage kayan) don sassan da ba na carburizing ba. Saboda babban nakasar da aka haifar da carburizing da quenching, da kuma zurfin carburizing gabaɗaya daga 0.5 zuwa 2mm, ana shirya tsarin carburizing gabaɗaya tsakanin mashin daidaitaccen mashin ɗin da mashin ɗin daidai. Hanyar gabaɗaya ita ce: yanke ƙirƙira normalizing m da rabin madaidaicin machining carburizing quenching ainihin machining. Lokacin da ɓangaren da ba a haɗa shi ba na sassan carburized na gida ya ɗauki tsarin tsari na ƙara yawan izni da yanke abin da ya wuce kima, ya kamata a shirya tsarin yanke abin da ya wuce kima bayan carburization da kuma kafin quenching.
l Maganin Nitriding hanya ce ta magani wacce ke ba da damar atom ɗin nitrogen su kutsa cikin saman ƙarfe don samun Layer na mahadi masu ɗauke da nitrogen. Nitriding Layer na iya inganta taurin, sa juriya, ƙarfin gajiya, da juriya na lalata sassan sassan. Saboda ƙarancin zafin jiyya na nitriding, ƙananan nakasawa, da bakin ciki na nitriding Layer (gabaɗaya baya wuce 0.6 ~ 0.7mm), yakamata a shirya tsarin nitriding a ƙarshen mai yiwuwa. Don rage nakasawa yayin nitriding, yawan zafin jiki don rage damuwa ana buƙatar gabaɗaya bayan yanke.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-24-2024
